Species: ca. 60.
Geography: southwestern North America, South America to Patagonia, Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia.
- Ephedra alata Decne
- Ephedra altissima Desf.
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Ephedra americana Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
- Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer – Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
- Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. – Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
- Ephedra boelckei F.A.Roig
- Ephedra californica S.Wats. – California Ephedra, California Jointfir
- Ephedra campylopoda C.A.Mey.
- Ephedra chilensis C.Presl.
- Ephedra ciliata Fisch. ex C.A.Mey.
- Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed – Cory's Ephedra
- Ephedra cutleri Peebles – Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
- Ephedra dahurica Turcz.
- Ephedra distachya L. – Joint-pine, Jointfir
- Ephedra distachya subsp. distachya
- Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
- Ephedra distachya subsp. monostachya (L.) Riedl
- Ephedra equisetina Bunge – Ma huang
- Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. – Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
- Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
- Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A.Mey.
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Ephedra fragilis Desf.
- Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
- Ephedra frustillata Miers – Patagonian Ephedra
- Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton – Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
- Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer – Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
- Ephedra holoptera Riedl
- Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
- Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
- Ephedra likiangensis Florin
- Ephedra lomatolepis Shrenk
- Ephedra macedonica Kos.
- Ephedra major Host
- Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
- Ephedra minuta Florin
- Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
- Ephedra multiflora Phil. ex Stapf
- Ephedra nevadensis S.Wats. – Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
- Ephedra pachyclada Boiss
.
- Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. – Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
- Ephedra procera Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
- Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
- Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
- Ephedra regeliana Florin – Xi Zi Ma Huang
- Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
- Ephedra sinica Stapf – Cao Ma Huang, Chinese Ephedra
- Ephedra strobilacea Bunge
- Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. – Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
- Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. – Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
- Ephedra viridis Coville – Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
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