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- POV-Ray Tutorial
Geometric Shapes
Overview
Basic Shapes
Shapes by macro + CSG
Shapes in "shapes3.inc"
Other Shapes by macros
3D text shapes
Other Shapes
Non CSG Shapes
height_field + HF macros
Isosurfaces
- with Basic Surfaces
- with Sine Functions
- by Built-in Functions
- by Helix Functions
->by Pattern Functions
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isosurface{ ... } - by pattern functions. Examples:
Built-in shape
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function{ f_checker( x*1.2,y*1.19,z*1.2)*0.08
}
contained_by{box{<-2,-3,-2>,<2,3,2>}}
threshold 0.05
max_gradient 200
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<1,1,1>*1.2}
finish { phong 1 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.35
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function{ f_rounded_box(x,y,z,0.25,1,1,1)
-f_leopard(x*11,y*11,z*11)*0.25
}
threshold 0
max_gradient 3.0
accuracy 0.0001
contained_by {box { -1.35, 1.35 }}
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<0.75,1.0,0.0>}
finish { diffuse 0.75 specular 0.3
phong 0.3 reflection 0.07}
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.85
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function { f_rounded_box(x,y,z,0.3,1.5,1.5,1.5)
-f_leopard(x*6,y*6,z*6)*0.5
}
threshold 0
max_gradient 2.449
accuracy 0.0001
contained_by {box { -2 , 2 }}
texture {
pigment{ color rgb<1,0.75,0>}
finish { diffuse 0.75 specular 0.4
phong 0.3 reflection 0.1}
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.55
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function { f_rounded_box(x,y,z,0.3,1.9,0.9,0.9)
-f_marble(x*3,y*2,z*2)*0.15
-f_bumps(x*3,y*2,z*3)*0.75
}
accuracy 0.003
max_gradient 5
contained_by{box{ -3.5, 3.5 }}
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<0.85,0.15,0.23>}
finish { phong 0.4 reflection 0.2}
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.7
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function{ f_rounded_box( x, y, z,
0.3, // radius of curvature
0.8,0.8,0.8) // scale<x,y,z>
-f_crackle(x/0.4,y/0.4,z/0.4)*0.2
}
threshold 0
max_gradient 3.2
accuracy 0.0001
contained_by{box{ -1.5, 1.5 }}
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<1.0,0.9,0.7>}
normal { bumps 0.5 scale 0.05}
finish { diffuse 0.75 specular 0.2
phong 0.3}
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*1
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function{ f_rounded_box( x*0.7, y, z,
0.3, // radius of curvature
0.8,0.8,0.8)// scale<x,y,z>
-f_crackle(x*3,y*5,z*3)*0.85
}
threshold 0
max_gradient 3.2
accuracy 0.0001
contained_by{box{ -1.5, 1.5 }}
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<1.0,0.75,0.5>}
normal { bumps 0.5 scale 0.015}
finish { phong 0.3}
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.8
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,1,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function { f_rounded_box( x, y, z,
0.3, // radius of curvature
1.4,0.9,0.9) // scale <x,y,z>
-f_agate(x/2,y/4,z/4)*0.35
}
threshold 0
max_gradient 3.2
accuracy 0.0001
contained_by{ box{<-2,-1,-1>*1.2,<2,1,1>*1.5}}
texture{ pigment{ color rgb<1,0.75,0.55>*0.7}
normal { bumps 0.5 scale 0.05}
finish { phong 0.3}
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.7
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function { f_rounded_box( x, y, z,
0.3, // radius of curvature
0.7,0.7,0.7)// scale <x,y,z>
-f_agate( x, y, z)*0.5
}
threshold 0
max_gradient 3.2
contained_by{ box{-1.2,1.2}}
texture{ pigment{ color rgb<0.85,0.65,0.55>*0.8}
finish { phong 0.3 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*1.0
rotate <0, 0, 0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function { f_noise3d( x*2, y*2, z*2)-0.3
}
accuracy 0.002
max_gradient 4
contained_by{box{-2,2} }
texture{ pigment{ color rgb<1,0.6,0.1>}
finish { phong 1 reflection 0.2 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.65
rotate <90,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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#declare FBozo = // -------------------------
function{ pigment{ bozo scale 0.5
color_map{ [0 rgb 0]
[0.2 rgb 0.4]
[1 rgb 1]
}
}// end of pigment
} // end of function "FBozo" -------
isosurface { //-------------------------------
function {
FBozo(2*x,2*y,2*z).gray -0.5
}
accuracy 0.0001
max_gradient 5
contained_by { box { -1.2, 1.2 } }
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<1,0.3,0.3>}
finish { phong 1}
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.8
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function{ sqrt( x*x + y*y+ z*z) - 0.5
- f_noise3d( x*2, y*2, z*2 )*1.90
}
accuracy 0.002
max_gradient 5
contained_by { box { -2.5, 2.5 } }
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<1,0.4,0.0>}
finish { phong 1 reflection 0.1 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.75
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function { sqrt( 0.5*x*x + y*y + z*z) - 0.85
- f_noise3d( x*12, y*12, z*12 )
}
accuracy 0.002
max_gradient 4
contained_by { box { -2.5, 2.5 } }
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<0.45,0.9,0.1>}
finish { phong 1 reflection 0.1 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.75
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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isosurface{ //-------------------------
function { f_sphere(x, y, z, 2.2)
- ( -f_snoise3d(x*2, y*2, z*2)*0.75 )
}
contained_by { sphere {<0,0,0>, -3.3 } }
accuracy 0.003
max_gradient 5
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<0.4,0.3,0.25>}
finish { phong 1 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.6
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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#declare fn_Pigm=function {
pigment {
agate
color_map {
[0 color rgb 0]
[1 color rgb 1]
}
}
} // end of function fn_Pigm
isosurface {
function{
f_sphere(x, y, z, 2.3)
-fn_Pigm(x/2, y/2, z/2).gray*0.65
}
contained_by { sphere {<0,0,0>, -3.3 } }
accuracy 0.003
max_gradient 5
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<0.8,0.65,0.45>}
finish { phong 1 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.5
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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#declare Flower=function { //--------------------------
pigment {
wood
scale 0.5
turbulence 0.3
octaves 7
lambda 0.5
omega 0.5
color_map {
[0, rgb 0]
[1, rgb 1]
}
}
} // end of function "Flower(x,y,z)"-------------------
isosurface { //-----------------------------------------
function{
f_sphere(x*0.75,y,z,1)-(Flower(x,y,z).hf)*0.5
}
contained_by {sphere {0,2.5}}
max_gradient 8.607
texture{
pigment{ color rgb<0.85,1,0>}
finish { specular 0.1 roughness 0.5
phong 0.5 reflection 0.2 }
} // end of texture
scale <1,1,1>*0.85
rotate <0,0,0>
translate <0,0,0>
} // end of isosurface ---------------- |
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